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Terminal buds much larger than lateral buds; bud-scales valvate, united in pairs to form a cap (corresponding to stipules), each scale pair enclosing in succession an erect folded leaf connected with the next inner pair of scales; the unmatured leaf which belongs to the outer pair of stipular scales falling off in autumn and leaving a scar on side of bud with a decurrent ridge below (representing its leaf stalk); stipule-scars narrow, encircling the twig; leaf-scars alternate, more than 2-ranked, broad, oval to narrow crescent-shaped; bundle-scars numerous, irregularly scattered or in a double row; twigs aromatic; fruit an aggregate cone (often colored red) made up of numerous follicles which split open in the autumn and let out the large flattish seeds. |
| 141. | Buds large 25 to 55 mm. long, twigs stout; leaf-scars large. | 142 |
| 141. | Buds small 10 to 20 mm. long; twigs slender; leaf-scars large. | 143 |
| 142. | Buds densely pale-downy; twigs light yellowish to bluish-green, more or less downy; fruit nearly spherical. | |
| 142. | Buds smooth; twigs brown; fruit elongated. | Magnolia
tripetala, Umbrella Magnolia |
| 143. | Twigs brown; leaf-scars narrow, crescent to U-shaped; buds blunt, densely downy; bark flaky; a tree; in New England found mainly in cultivation. |
Magnolia acuminata, Cucumbertree Magnolia |
| 143. | Twigs and buds bright green; leaf-scars oval to broadly crescent-shaped; buds pointed, with long, silky hairs, often nearly smooth; pith with more or less distinct transverse woody partitions in the ground mass; bark smooth; in New England usually a shrub, growing wild in deep swamps in Eastern Massachusetts, also extensively cultivated. | Magnolia
virginiana, Sweetbay Magnolia |