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The Pines Needle-shaped leaves in many small clusters (fascicles) of 5 or less, each cluster surrounded by a persistent or deciduous sheath and borne on a rudimentary branch which is subtended by a scale-like primary leaf; fruit a cone with woody scales, maturing at the end of the second or third growing season; seeds winged. The position of the resin-ducts in the leaves is a distinctive character of some value and may be observed if a thin cross section is made with a sharp knife and viewed with a hand-lens. |
| 85. | 5 needles in a cluster. | Pinus
strobus, Eastern White Pine |
| 85. | Less than 5 needles in a cluster. | 86 |
| 86. | 3 needles in a cluster. | |
| 86. | 2 needles in a cluster. | 87 |
| 87. | Needles 3 to 6 inches long; cones at right angles to branch. | 88 |
| 87. | Needles 0.5 to 3.5 inches long; cones pointing either backward or forward. | 89 |
| 88. | Twigs reddish-brown; leaves slender and flexible, resin- ducts peripheral; native species. | |
| 88. | Twigs yellowish-brown; leaves thicker and stiff, resin-ducts between periphery and bundle; European species. | Pinus
nigra, Austrian Pine |
| 89. | Cones pointing forward; leaves 0.5 to 1.5 inches long, dark yellowish-green; resin-ducts between periphery and bundle; native species. | Pinus
banksiana, Jack Pine |
| 89. | Cones pointing backward; leaves 1.5 to 3.5 inches long, bluish-green; resin-ducts peripheral; European species. |
Pinus sylvestris, Scotch Pine |