Habitat

• native to eastern section of North America
• hardy to zone 3

Habit and Form

• a medium-sized, deciduous tree
• 50' to 70' tall
• 20' to 40' wide
• pyramidal in youth
• open, irregular crown
• medium texture
• fast growth rate

Summer Foliage

• alternate leaf arrangement
• simple, deciduous leaves
• 3" to 4" long
• sinuate, dentate margins
• gray pubescence on leaf underside
• glabrescent leaf petiole
• dark green leaf color

Autumn Foliage

• yellow fall color

Flowers

• yellow catkins
• before leafs out
• not ornamentally important

Fruit

• not ornamentally important

Bark

• reddish brown, stout stems
• greenish-gray older bark

Culture

• prefers wet soils
• full sun
• transplant easily

Landscape Use

• lawn tree
• street tree when large spaces are available
• lumber
• good urban tree
• for shade

Liabilities

• do not plant near sewers, septic tanks, drains or sidewalks
• suckers
• canker
• short-lived
• too many to name

ID Features

• 0.25" long, imbricate, pointed buds
• pubescence on bud scale margins
• dentate leaf margins
• yellow catkins

Propagation

• by seed

Cultivars/Varieties

• none